drawn from Jesus’ teachings about the kingdom of God. The royal law is the summation of all other laws (see Mt 22:36–40; Ro 13:8–10 and notes on 13:8–9). It is also the law of the kingdom, since “royal” could also be translated “kingly.” 2:10 guilty of breaking all. The law is the expression of the character and will of God; therefore to violate one part of the law is to violate God’s will and thus his whole law (cf. Mt 5:18–19; 23:23). 2:11 James may have chosen these two commandments because both